Inadequate Social Change of Booker T. Washington Essay -- African Amer

There has been a lot of discussion over Booker T. Washington and the viability of his work at Tuskegee Institute. Some accept that he was a pioneer for dark instruction in whenever few had the chance. Others accept that his adjustment to the white perfect of what an individual of color ought to be blocked his capacity to make genuine social change for his race. In his life account, Up From Slavery, Washington maps out his life from its unassuming beginnings as a slave up through the achievement of his school, Tuskegee Institute. He rushes to drop names of the significant white representatives and unmistakable residents to guarantee their help for his school. In any case, he rushes to push his understudies to be beneficial individuals from their general public. Through closer assessment, would washington be able to's actual perspectives radiate through? Did he win triumphs for his race through carrying on reasonably of white society or did he surrender to their requests in quest for h is own brilliance and rescuer status? Maybe nobody will ever realize what was genuinely in his heart, yet his open activities didn't actuate extreme, complete, enduring social disclosures for his African American siblings. In his Tuskegee school, he advanced the estimation of work and difficult work. The understudies constructed each expanding on the grounds and invested heavily in their work. They figured out how to peruse and compose and numerous other modern aptitudes while working around the grounds. Washington expressed in his self-portrayal, My arrangement was to have them, while playing out this administration, showed the most recent and best techniques for work, with the goal that the school would get the advantage of their efforts, yet the understudies themselves would be instructed to see not just utility of labor, but excellence and pride (Washington 103). Washington limited t... ...ar that his goals may have been acceptable yet his execution came out frail as he permitted himself to get overwhelmed by wants for force and acknowledgment. At long last, he got referred to in history as an Uncle Tom figure and incapable to make any enduring change. In any case, maybe, his disappointment was fundamental to the improvement of the 1960's Civil Rights Movement. Pioneers of that time saw his shortcomings and this time they would not commit similar errors. They learned through Booker T. Washington's experience that playing by the white man's standards and climbing the stepping stool of their framework would not give them the opportunity they looked for. Washington gave the experience expected to permit pioneers that tailed him to be fruitful in their battle for opportunity. Works Cited Washington, Booker. Up From Slavery: The Autobiography Of Booker T. Washington: Aun Autobiography. Fortress, 2001.

Treating Tobacco Dependence Essay Example for Free

Rewarding Tobacco Dependence Essay The article expects to uncover the association between tobacco reliance, smoking end, and wretchedness, in intellectually sick wellbeing patients, particularly the individuals who have been recently determined to have unipolar sadness. As per past examinations, smoking suspension causes discouragement in people who have experienced the condition already. In addition, measurements accumulated from exhaustive information investigation and research show that most people enduring states of mind are exceptionally subject to tobacco use, which presents impeding consequences for their wellbeing. Goals so as to stop psychological well-being patients or people recently determined to have sorrow from smoking, is yet to be found because of the nonappearance of exhaustive data of how to deal with backslide in the wake of smoking end. From that point forward, the treatment of tobacco misuse has gotten troublesome since people with psychological wellness conditions or who were recently determined to have melancholy, since experiencing smoking discontinuance, have intensified their present emotional well-being working or have impacted them to return to their past burdensome conditions. Another investigation directed by Glassman et. al. on 100 people who were discovered to have history of despondency came about to comparative results. They were managed with setraline, which was used to hinder people from smoking and in the long run assist them with getting over the dependence. Dominant part of the example populace acquired for the investigation backslid into their burdensome state. The investigation directed by Tsoh et. al., then again, uncovered that practically 50% of the example populace who were associated with smoking suspension likewise came back to their past burdensome state. On the off chance that people who recently experienced sadness rely upon tobacco use to stifle burdensome manifestations, at that point they would doubly endure if smoking end were regulated as a methods for completion tobacco use. The specific examination expected to recognize the degree of harm for people who rely upon tobacco use and the impacts of smoking discontinuance soon after. The examination contemplated and watched 322 people who are profoundly reliant on smoking, and who were recently determined to have unipolar despondency. The people who were asked joined and take part in the examination were permitted by the psychological well-being outpatient centers, following up assent from these organizations. The specific research used a PC program intended to achieve the motivation behind the examination. The PC program was utilized to give input to the adjustments in the conduct of an individual viewing smoking as they were observed for a specific timeframe. People who participated in the examination study finished the program from gauge, the third, 6th, twelfth, and eighteenth months following smoking discontinuance. The input produced for each program fulfillment depended on past information assembled from the person. The standard for people who quit smoking depended on the individual’s forbearance from smoking for a seven-day time span. To quantify the outcomes with regards to states of mind, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Mental Component Summary of Medical Outcomes Study Short Form, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The aftereffects of the examination were dissected by using a table, which observed the psychological well-being working of people as they initiated with smoking suspension rehearses. As the time advances, the criticism produced by the PC program used in the examination uncovered that, people gradually gave indications of stopping from smoking. A few people returned to liquor and medication misuse, while some additionally reduced their utilization of medications and liquor. Just a little bit of the complete populace effectively quit from smoking. The aftereffects of the investigation were taken vis-à -vis the discoveries of another examination led by Hall and et. al. The examination demonstrated that people who are by and by experiencing genuine psychological wellness conditions, for example, melancholy, could be helped to experience smoking suspension. This procedure, of intercession while encountering psychological wellness conditions would not hold negative impacts upon recuperation. In addition, on a positive note, the individuals who were discovered to have effectively stopped smoking likewise decreased their admission of liquor, drugs, and different substances that prompted habit. The most noteworthy result of the investigation uncovers that the two gatherings of people, intellectually sick patients who experienced smoking end and misuse mediation, and the individuals who effective quit smoking didn't show any manifestation of wretchedness. Along these lines, the investigation unequivocally bolsters mediation while patients are under consideration for psychological wellness issues, instead of trusting that the burdensome state will die down. This examination significantly adds to past investigations led so as to decide smoking suspension and its impact to patients with emotional wellness issues that are profoundly subject to tobacco use. Despite the fact that the difficult despite everything lies with people who rely upon tobacco use, and have endured gloom beforehand, and smoking end, there ought to be sure guidelines and intercessions preceding the end of emotional well-being working. For example, emotional well-being patients ought not be permitted to return to smoking so as to stifle their downturn. Emotional wellness facilities should execute more projects and exercises that are fascinating and are increasingly inclined to diminish the pressure of the patients so as to return their consideration from smoking cigarettes. This measure is a proficient method of affecting more noteworthy impacts on the emotional wellness of people, and furthermore to spare expense and exertion with respect to psychological well-being facilities, when past patients backslide into their burdensome states.    References Prochaska, J. J., Hall, S. M., Tsoh, J. Y., Eisendrath, S., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., Rosen, A. B., Meisner, M., Humfleet, G. L., Gorecki, J. A. (2007). â€Å"Treating Tobacco Dependence in Clinically Depressed Smokers: Effect of Smoking Cessation on Mental Health Functioning.† American Journal of Public Health. Recovered May 7, 2008, from MWATT. Site: http://mwattc.com/docs/depressedsmokers.pdf

Stalin and His Five Year Plan free essay sample

Investigate the jobs of instruction and purposeful publicity in Stalinist Russia. Introduction: Education and Propaganda were devices utilized by Stalin to keep up and unite his capacity in Russia. The specific year with respect to when Stalin was in power is questionable. With the end goal of this paper, Stalin will be perceived as in intensity of Russia in 1929, the year when the majority of his restrictions were rout, particularly Trosky. Instruction Though Stalin consistently tended to himself as the devotee of Lenin, and all what he is doing is a continuation of Lenin. In any case, he substantiate himself wrong when he switched the patterns of training started by the Boshelviks after 1917. At the point when Lenin and the Bosheviks were in power, youngsters were urged to learn exchanges and take part in exercises that were of handy worth. Be that as it may, Stalin went on an alternate methodology: he needed his kin to be proficient. Stalin began to develop his own arrangement of instruction, a portion of the terms include: †¢10 long stretches of necessary tutoring for all kids Core educational plan include: perusing , composing, math, science , history , geology, Russian, Marxist hypothesis †¢State recommended reading material to be utilized †¢Fees to be charged throughout the previous three years of non obligatory auxiliary His instructive arrangement did worked and because of these training approaches: Between 1929 and 1940, the quantity of youngsters going to class rose from 12 million to 35 million and proficiency rate for the pop ulace over age of nine expanded from 51% to 88%. We will compose a custom article test on Stalin and His Five Year Plan or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, as much as Stalin need to advance socialism, the presentation of expenses for the last there long stretches of tutoring may seem to challenge the thought of a libertarian instruction framework. The gathering reserved the option to assign the individuals who were to get the higher evaluation preparing that would give them access to college, and for this situation, party members’ youngsters would have the principal guarantee on the best places. Somewhere in the range of 1928 and 32 33% of all students were party chosen one. Promulgation conversely the Communist Party controlled all the primary types of data, papers film and radio. Roy Medvedev, a soviet student of history, who survived Stalinism, later clarified: â€Å"Stalin didn't depend on dread alone, yet additionally on other help of most of the individuals; adequately deluded by shrewd publicity, they gave Stalin credit for the triumphs of others and in any event, for accomplishments that were in truth absolutely fictitious† Stalin’s wiseom and brightness were lauded every day in Pravda. Kids at school gained from their most punctual minutes to adore Stalin as the supplier of every single beneficial thing. no course readings in any subject that didn't laud the temperances of stalin. †lynch An especially usefull instrument for the spread of Stalinist purposeful publicity was Komsomol, an adolescent development which had started in Lenin’s time, Stalin proceeded with it . It was a program open to age 14-28 essentially helping the gathering for different occasions like stalin’s birthday which in 1929 named as the best festi val in the soviet schedule. Stahanovite development: The Stakhanovite development started in August 1936. It was authoritatively reported that Alexei Stakhanov without any assistance â€Å"harvested more than 100 tons of coal in one five-hour move, in excess of multiple times his necessary portion. † It was a bogus case by the gathering to urge laborers and laborers to work more diligently. The utilization of purposeful publicity was an apparatus for Stalin to keep up power since it spreads over all times of individuals, the adolescent, the grown-ups, and the more established individuals; he shows up on papers; practically all spots had an image of him holding tight the divider; his birthday turned into a national festival day; books contain just words that acclaim how Stalin was useful for Russia. Through purposeful publicity, Stalin had the option to build up a prevailing player in the core of Russians, rather they loathe him or not, his essence was all over the place. In correlation, training similarily helped stalin to look after force. Since offspring of gathering domineer can gets the primary goal, and going on to colleges became experts, this instructive and limited time process had a significant political perspective. It enhaced Stalin’s power by making a class of â€Å"privileged directors who had each thought process in supporting him since they were his animals. lynch Evaluate the techniques Stalin used to look after force. Introduction: †¢For the reason for this paper, Stalin’s date in force will be consider as 1929. Reason being that the entirety of his resistances were gone, all the more critically, Trotsky, whom Stalin accepted to be the extraordinary danger was banished. Cleanses: According to Lynch the Purges â€Å"were Stalin’s head weapon† for him to solidify and expand his power. Initially, the gathering cleanses were not as fierce as they later became. Youngsters at school gained from their most punctual minutes to adore Stalin as the supplier of every single beneficial thing. â€Å"no reading material in any subject that didn't adulate the ideals of stalin. †lynch An especially usefull instrument for the spread of Stalinist purposeful publicity was Komsomol, a young development which had started in Lenin’s time, Stalin proceeded with it . It was a program open to age 14-28 fundamentally helping the gathering for different occasions like stalin’s birthday which in 1929 was named to be the best festival in the soviet schedule. The utilization of purposeful publicity was an instrument for Stalin to keep up power since it spreads over all periods of individuals, the young, the grown-ups, and the more seasoned individuals; he shows up on papers; practically all spots had an image of him holding tight the divider; his birthday turned into a national festival day; books contain just words that acclaim how Stalin was useful for Russia. Through purposeful publicity, Stalin had the option to build up a predominant player in the core of Russians, rather they preferred or detested him, his essence was all over the place. Multi year designs The multi year plans started in October 1928 until December 1955 as an intend to attach the glue of industrialization. Without a doubt the outcome toward the finish of the multi year plans were noteworthy and had incredible upgrades considering the condition that Russia was in before Stalin came in power. Modern yield during the initial three FYPS: Steel had a 600% expansion, Coal, power and Oil likewise have 200-300% expansion in general. These 4 key items gave the premise to the military economy which empowered the USSR to endure four years of German occupation and in the end won the war, however some would contend that German loses were expected to Germans’ ineptness and not the capacity of Russia. The multi year designs that Stalin set forward keep up if not further expanded his capacity. Numerous individuals were seeing the drastically changes in Russia under Stalin; during the 1920s 80-90% of Russians were workers be that as it may, even pretty much 10 years after Stalin was in power, Russia turned into an overwhelming modern nation. Stalin, however did took fierce measures to accelerate his industrialization plans like the cleanses, yet he most likely improved Russia’s financial condition. Stalin’s commitment to Russia was additionally perceived when Russia won WWII. Consequently together the apparently extraordinary outcomes from industrialization and the destruction of Germany permit Stalin to futher solidify and keep up his capacity in Russia. Definitely there are different techniques that Stalin used to keep up his capacity. THe three talked about in this paper maybe are the keys to consider. Of the 3, maybe THe Great Purge 36-39 was the most liable for Stain to look after force: the way that there was a feeling of dread, vulnerability and persecution going on, permit nobody to conflict with Stalin. In any case, this may not be the main strategy Stalin had the option to keep up power for over 20 years. The Great Purge, dependable to keep restrictions off the beaten path; the extraordinary consequences of the multi year plans ; his appearances being audit everyway, in additing, each report about Stalin lauds him: together, these strategies Stalin utilized assistance maintaini his capacity in Russia.

Is War Nescessary essays

Is War Nescessary expositions War, to try and consider that makes one shiver with absolute dread and appall. War is a horrible insidiousness under any condition. Recalling a portion of the ongoing wars, for example, World War 2, Vietnam, and Yugoslavie and one kicks back and envsisons the ghastly demonstrations that war causes. One can see the locations of a war zone, a field of butchery, after the battle is finished, the sights and sounds that meet our eyes toward each path, the shocking mutilations delivered via landmines or mortar shells, according to the dead, the torn and dying, mangled sections of human body parts that are flung about, the desolate cry of the injured; and when we dismiss, shivering, to close out this scene from the brain, we might be enticed to ask how humankind can submit such an appalling and malice activity by any stretch of the imagination. War unfortunaltey is one of the humankinds method of managing clashes. The utilization of power, agression and passing to undermine different countries, or ones own country is the main way people have had the option to manage issues in our general public. We have not discovered some other choices to manage these sorts of circumstances. Now and then war has defiantley been nescesarry. One of those reasons is gone to the resistance of the guiltless, for example, the Jewish Population in World War 2, who were butchered in the millions by hitler. War has a few positives. For instance a warring country that is winning will for the most part achieve a monetary upswing if the economy is coming up short (like coming out of the Great Depression when WWII began) It is when creators and innovations make extraordinary walks in the technologial and logical fields are made (see the nuclear bomb, the fly motor, radar, even the PC) So as should be obvious War negatively affects human tradgedy, however society all in all normally profits by wars over the long haul. My own conviction is that War isn't nescessary. Who knows what number of incredible developments we have lost, since that individual was drafted t... <!

Corporate Image Through Related Marketing â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Corporate Image Through Related Marketing? Answer: Presentation The commencement of corporate social obligation (CSR) methodology is a significant component in todays business competiveness and this is something that is guided by the firm itself (Tai Chuang, 2014). The significance of CRS methodology is along these lines, to impact the general public and expanding the arrangement of the mutual incentive for the holder of the business, their workers, investors and partners. Along these lines, CRS gives certain advantages to the association that are they continue the consequences of open worth, to positively affect the network, guides being a business of decision, propels both expert and self-improvement and heightens the associations with the shoppers (Hilson, 2012). Besides, it additionally benefits an organization as far as hazard the executives, cost reserve funds and development limit. The picked association for this specific report is Griffith University and the conversation depends on the acts of corporate social obligation (CSR) taken up by this college. Hypothesis: Integrating CSR and Issues Management CSR is an idea of the board, which is incorporated by the associations social and natural anxieties in their business activities alongside interfacing with their partners (Asif et al., 2013). CRS is the path through which an association achieves a security of financial, ecological and social objectives and on a similar time, it tends to the speculations of their investors and partners. Notwithstanding, it is critical to remove a qualification between the CSR that can be a significant administration idea and then again good cause, sponsorship and magnanimity. By and by, CSR has three hypotheses and they are as per the following: The partner hypothesis of CSR-in principle has been into work since 1990 as an immediate substitution and challenge to the investor esteem hypothesis that was proposed by Freeman in 1984. The partner hypothesis features exceptional social than any others random unassociated to the organization. Consequently, CSR as indicated by this hypothesis signifies the associations partner duty (Brown Forster, 2013). The business morals hypothesis CSR-this hypothesis depends on the more extensive social duties and good obligation that business has towards the network. In any case, it supports CSR on three diverse however interrelated moral causes and they are the adjusting and happened social responsiveness and desires to explicit social issues, outward or characteristic moral qualities that is propelled by Kantian standards and are spoken to as regulating and worldwide standards including social equity, reasonableness and privileges of human and ultimately, corporate citizenship (Spence, 2016). Investor esteem hypothesis of CSR-this is the viewpoint that is meant by the Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman in 1970 broadcasts that solitary social obligations of business can build up its benefits by following lawful standards (Servaes Tamayo, 2013). Issues the executives is the methodology, through which an organization deals with their approach, perceives their potential issues, challenges, and patterns that could be bestowed sooner rather than later (Weiss, 2014). Notwithstanding, issues the board practices in a long haul, critical thinking capacity which is put at a more elevated level of the organization by means of which the authoritative arrangements can be created and dazzle in an open undertaking process. Through issues the board just the showing up issues that will influence the organization are searched for alongside the intension to build up a long haul, reliable connection with the clients and both government and the working people groups. In any case, there must be some professional animation from the earliest starting point to get a legitimate issues the executives. Definite issues the executives can help an association from an issue getting an out and out review or might be an explanation behind crucial clients to get annoyed with the association. The models of issues the board express that numerous means that are remembered for the procedure yet they are classifications into three significant headings. They are distinguishing proof and examination of the issue, dynamic and activity are vital and ultimately, assessment. The initial step mostly includes examining and watching. That is checking the workplace that will help recognizing if there are any dangers or any open door being disregarded. At that point, there is key dynamic that incorporates prioritization, vital alternatives and activity taking. Activity making different strides in vital dynamic has no worth if right move is made towards the issue raised. The last advance is of assessment where the accomplishment of the issue the board lies. Here advances are assessed in setting destinations that are clear and quantifiable. The test in this part is to locate the best apparatus to set the target. The job of CSR inside the association Australian colleges are seeing distinctive legislative activities that have been giving assets so they can coordinate corporate social duty (CSR) issues adding to preparing the skill with a ground-breaking feeling of morals, social qualities and tensions for the outcomes of the exercises of organizations in the general public (de Lange, 2013). At the Griffith University that is the picked association for this report, Dr Heather Stewart and Dr Rod Gapp are by and by reviewing the terms and uses of CSR in littler to medium endeavors. Griffith University identified with CSR is be that as it may, identified with natural instruction. Here the negative effect is diminished on the person about the normal world just as on nature and pleasing creation and utilization is diminishing their environmental effect. Be that as it may, understudies are additionally asked to take up the natural issues on a basic level; instructive frameworks are growingly impacting ecological issues in the courses of college. Understudies are additionally urged to get themselves busy with social and ecological issue that goes past the understudies space of intrigue. This enables the understudy to engage in ad libbing the framework and in protecting the assets with the goal that the group of people yet to come gets the advantages of its flourishing and prosperity (Ahmad, 2012). Griffith University like some other association called upon investors and partners with the goal that they can support their primary concern just as help in tending to a portion of the countrys most requesting issues that include both monetary and natural turn of events. This college has connected with partners since it can impact its prosperity at various levels, for additional commitment among the organization and their investors and partners and in conclusion, to climb in feasible and responsible contributing (Mason Simmons, 2014). While examining venture choices investors and potential speculators are dynamically evaluating the CSR concerns. Aside from different advantages of CSR, it additionally influences the associations brand and notoriety. Marking chiefly contains an associations logo, slogan and name with one principle point of making adjusted name and picture for the association (Lii Lee, 2012). Notwithstanding, from this point of view CSR for Griffith University makes tha t adjustment. Prior to utilizing the logo and name, CSR for Griffith University utilizes its social duty programs that are shown through various pertinent activities. Be that as it may, by social duty the Organizations are for the most part separate themselves from their rivals yet just when this work is done accurately. Subsequently, the most ideal approach to empower the great notoriety of the association is to ad lib their CSR. Job of CSR issues the executives for your association The association needs to deal with the accompanying issues The decreasing job of the administration lessening legislative assets joined with a suspect of guidelines, which has prompted the review of deliberate, and the automatic capacity. Solicitation for significant divulgence there is constantly an expanding interest for corporate disclosure. Developing weight of the speculator financial specialists before contributing fundamentally centers around the presentation of the organization and the moral concern they have. Expanded understudies enthusiasm for a college the moral lead applies on the expanding impact on the choices of the understudies. It is the means by which they see the social execution. Be that as it may, media has a viable task to carry out in how CSR is accounted for to the mass. It isn't at all feasible for the associations to do all the things required for the social causes. The world should likewise know and get propelled and associations must set a model with the goal that others can tail it. Griffith University utilizes the media to scan for volunteers any place they are setting their CSR activities. Through media, it causes the general public to look over the benefit. Media is likewise used to distribute articles by the college and aides in spreading the strategic the college and promoting its CSR (Park Ghauri, 2015). As associations today are looking with colossal partner bunch accordingly, they are getting pulled in with more prominent consideration and weight on both social and natural issues. In this way, rendering great purposes into specific advantages of appropriate corporate notoriety is of monstrous worth. CSR issue the executives in this manner pla ys a key component of a notoriety of the association where the partners bunches view of how the universitys CSR activities and results interface with the partners social and ecological qualities just as desires. Accordingly, CSR issue the executives is the basic drivers of the notoriety of the association (Park, Chidlow Choi, 2014). Consistency of organization corporate correspondence messages Corporate picture is the manner by which pariahs perceive the association, its exercises and administrations (Vanhamme et al., 2012). In any case, the genuine intensity of the corporate correspondence messages is clarified by its consistency.

The Criticism Found in John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera of the Lower and Upper Classes - Literature Essay Samples

First performed in 1728, The Beggar’s Opera is exceptional for its focus on the lower classes. The playwright, John Gay, used this focus for a particular social and political reason: to criticize the lower and upper classes in order to elevate the middle. Being disenchanted by the courts when the South Sea Bubble crashes in 1720 due to a combination of corruption and economics, Gay begins to distrust the actions and the effects of the court class. His way of criticizing them is to equalize the courts to the lower class, who he sees as being endowed with low morals. This opinion was most likely shaped by the real-life criminal celebrities at the time, Jonathan Wild and Jack Sheppard. In The Beggar’s Opera, Gay criticizes the lower and upper classes through the ironic equivalency between criminals and the court. By criticizing the the lowermost and uppermost classes in this way, Gay elevates the status of his audience, the middle class. Gay introduces the lower class right away in this play as the main characters. A beggar starts the play, instead of a lord or lady, saying, â€Å"If poverty be a title to poetry, I am sure nobody can dispute mine† (Gay 41). We are then soon introduced to Peachum, who can be compared to aforementioned real-life criminal celebrity Jonathan Wild, and to his wife and daughter. To Peachum, the concept of honor is a very different one than what most of Gay’s middle class readers may hold. Peachum sees no sin in using the skills of the criminals who work for him and then throwing them under the bus when it benefits him, saying, â€Å"A lawyer is an honest employment, so is mine. Like me too he acts in double capacity, both against rogues and for ‘em; for tis but fitting that we should protect and encourage cheats, since we live by them† (43). This is not only commenting on Peachum’s loose morals towards honor, but is also introducing the idea that the lower class is imitating the upper class, which we will see much more of later on. Peachum also seems to hold the belief that the only honor found in someone is found in their usefulness. He says to his wife about his criminals, â€Å"I hate a lazy rouge, by whom one can get nothing ‘till he is hanged† (45). By this, he obviously does not value human life as anything but a means to an end. Peachum has similar attitudes towards his own daughter, Polly Peachum, saying, â€Å"A girl who cannot grant some things, and refuse what is most material, will make but a poor hand of her beauty, and soon be thrown upon the common† (54). Beauty, to him, is just a way to achieve something else. This statement also leads to an irony of what Peachum sees as â€Å"the common.† Instead of his own people being common, he means it to be those who act more upper class, which we will see more of later on. This is a way by which the lower class imitate the upper class, mocking each ot her by calling them â€Å"common.† Peachum is again seen as a man with quite incredibly loose morals when he says to his wife, â€Å"No gentleman is ever looked upon the worse for killing a man in his own defence; and if business cannot be carried on without it, what would you have a gentleman do?† This is meant to make somewhat of a caricature of the poorer class, saying their morals are so beneath that of the middle class that they are ridiculous. The way he represents these characters in essential to understanding what he wishes to say about them to his audience, the middle class. Readers are meant to laugh at the lower class in this play, not with them. There is obviously a sentiment already present in the generation that the lower class imitates the upper class and that both are loose in morals. This representation is used by Gay to criticize not only the lower class, but the upper class as well. After all, there is an idea very present in this play that the lower class imitate the upper. We can see this when Mrs. Peachum says, â€Å"She loves to imitate the fine ladies† (50) and â€Å"now the wench hath played the fool and married, because forsooth she would do like the gentry† (55). This is distinctly drawing a line between what the lower class do and the influence of the upper class. There is an ironic equivalency presented by the lower class characters between criminals and the court. We can see this right away when an old woman near Peachum sings, â€Å"Through all employments of life / Each neighbor abuses his brother; / Whore and rogue they call husband and wife: / All professions be-rogue another. / The priest calls the lawyer a cheat, / The lawyer be-knaves the divine; / And the statesman, because he’s so great, / Thinks his trade as honest as mine.† This and Peachum’s next lines that I have written in the previous paragraph act as ways to equalize the uppermost and lowermost classes in regards to their morals. The upper class notions of what is civilized and honorable, like marriage and statesmen, are brought down as â€Å"whore and rogue.† Peachum says later on about Slippery Sam, â€Å"for the villain hath the impudence to have views of following his trade as a tailor, which he calls an honest employment† (46). This is both an example of the lower class believing in loose morals and the upper class being brought down a notch. As another example of equalization, Peachum says, â€Å"The man that proposes to get money by play should have the education of a fine gentleman, and be trained up to it from his youth† and his wife responds with, â€Å"What business hath he to keep company with lords and gentlemen? He should leave them to prey upon one another† (49). These lines of the low er class downright mocking the upper class are supposed to not only bring down the idea that the upper class is superior, but also allow for the middle class audience to laugh at both classes in this moment. In these lines, the middle class has the upper hand, as they can be seen as knowing both classes are morally corrupt compared to them. Gay molds this feeling into them by his use of the poor mocking the rich. Gay uses the upper class model of the opera and mocks it by inserting ballads, a lower class form of music, into it. We see this when the beggar in the beginning of the play says, â€Å"I have introduced the similes that are in all your celebrated operas†¦ I have observed a nice impartiality to our two ladies, that it is impossible for either to take offense. I hope I may be forgiven, that I have not made my opera throughout unnatural, like those in vogue† (41). This is continued through the play in regards to the form and the songs. This proves again Gay’s idea that the poor imitate the courts. This is just one of the ways he equalizes the upper class with the lower class through form. He also uses certain diction in his lower class character’s sayings to represent the imitation of the upper class by the poor. Peachum says to his wife, â€Å"Murder is as fashionable a crime as a man can be guilty of’ (48). Describing murder as fashionable here indic ates that Gay is using upper class notions to describe morally corrupt and loose actions. Gay uses this to accentuate the notion of upper class superiority as being farse and that they actually affect the lower class to be morally corrupt. There are multiple examples that Gay presents of the lower class characters equating the professional classes and the court class with stealing. It is sung in one of the ballads, â€Å"It ever was decreed, sir, / If lawyer’s hand is fee’d, sir, / He steals your whole estate† (60). This is very directly equating the professional class with Peachum’s own occupation, thievery. Peachum says to his defense, â€Å"In one respect indeed, our employment may be reckoned dishonest, because, like great statesmen, we encourage those who betray their friends† (85). The inclusion of â€Å"great statesmen† is a ridicule of Walpole, who Gay holds immense distrust and disdain for. This is equating the morals of the lower class directly with the upper class, and, by extension, saying that the poor imitate the court. This imitation of the court by the poor can be seen throughout the play and is designed to be a way the middle class readers can laugh at both of the classes and feel superior in their own standing. At the end of the play, we see the beggar saying, â€Å"Through the whole piece you may observe such a similitude of manners in high and low life, that it is difficult to determine whether (in the fashionable vices) the fine gentlemen imitate the gentlemen of the road, or the gentlemen of the road the fine gentlemen. Had the play remained, as I at first intended, it would have carried a most excellent moral. ‘Twould have shown that the lower sort of people have their vices in a degree as well as the rich; and that they are punished for them† (121). This is very clearly granting the middle class the right, and almost the duty, to feel superior to the lower and middle classes. The lower class is â€Å"punished† for its imitation of the court’s corrupted morals, thus vindicating the middle class as morally superior. This play is one that sets up the middle class to be the moral heroes, and does so without focusing on the middle class as much as the others. The lower class is the true subject in this piece, and is represented as having loose morals and sketchy occupations. This representation is used to criticize the upper class as being of equal caliber as the poor, if not worse because the poor imitate the courts. These ideas presented by gay were no doubt heavily influenced by the corruption taking hold in the courts at this time and the criminal celebrities of the lower class. Works Cited Gay, John. The Beggar’s Opera. London: Penguin, 1986. Print.

Light and Music in The Glass Menagerie and Master Harold...And the Boys - Literature Essay Samples

Light and music are two elements of drama that can become significant in developing the plot and characters. Certain playwrights may further incorporate stage lighting including directional lighting and setting lighting in order to not only divert attention to the critical area of the stage, but as well to adequately present their ideas. Correspondingly, music as well can be indirectly implemented in plays through the characters’ dialogue and allusions to musical pieces; thus, becoming symbolic. Furthermore, this music can be directly presented in the background of the play. Both playwrights, Tennessee Williams and Athol Fugard employ the elements of lighting and music in their respective plays, The Glass Menagerie and Master Harold and the Boys in order to both intensify the reality of their plays as well as develop the theme of escapism and the accompanying theme of hope and hopelessness. Williams uses light for stage directions and as a symbol in The Glass Menagerie in order to develop his theme of hope; more specifically, to portray Laura’s ultimate sense of hopelessness. The stage directions call for â€Å"gloomy gray† lighting with a â€Å"turgid red glow† and a â€Å"deep blue husk†. This form of lighting helps construct the images of memory and its unrelenting power as well as its associated mood of nostalgia and deep melancholy. Such a mood is one that alludes to a sense of hopelessness for which Laura experiences. This hopelessness is emphasized through the symbol of light rather than the stage lighting. That is, the following simile is developed where Laura is described to be â€Å"like a piece of translucent glass touched by light, given a momentary radiance, not actual, not lasting†. Such a description not only forecasts her inability to maintain confidence but as well suggests that her beauty is innately tied to her delic acy and the disadvantage she has with her condition. Moreover, it displays the impermanence of hope in her life, as it comes as quickly as it goes. Williams further emphasizes Laura’s delicacy through another character—Jim. Upon Jim’s arrival to their home, and Laura’s refuge, there is a delicate lemony light that appears and eventually a soft light that brings out Laura’s â€Å"unearthly prettiness†. As the light symbolizes hope, it becomes evident that Jim provides Laura with a temporary sense of hope upon his arrival. The â€Å"lemony† or yellow color that the light is described through, however, becomes of significance as it becomes cautionary of the damage that Jim will ultimately provoke in Laura. Though Jim enlists hope in Laura by providing her with comments that temporarily raise her self-confidence, he flees abruptly, leaving Laura hopeless once again and thus sparking the argument that the play ends on a rather pessimistic note. Williams underscores this lack of hope through Tim’s physical escape from the house; that is, his attempt to escape their reality suggests that he too has withdrawn all his hope in Laura having a better, happier life. Williams further conveys the very theme of escapism and demonstrates the characters’ abstinence from confronting reality by incorporating music in his theatrical piece. Not only does the music hold a great degree of symbolic significance, but it as well provides emotion to the scenes. In the fourth scene, for example, Williams incorporates â€Å"Ava Maria† in the background in order to allude to the harsh responsibilities that Amanda has as a mother. These responsibilities are what ultimately fuel Amanda’s desperate efforts in obtaining a better life for her daughter. In the process of doing so, Amanda feels inclined to escape her reality and own failures as well as the reality of Laura’s handicap. As Tom attempts to make his mother face the reality of her daughter’s handicap, â€Å"the music changes to a tango that has a minor and somewhat ominous tone. The music helps to provide a worrying impression and thus demonstrate Amanda’s fear of r eality and the consequences that come with confronting reality. Another character whose attitude towards reality is described through music is Laura. That is, as Jim arrives, Laura becomes terrified and begs her mother to open the door, but she refuses and forces Laura to open it. Before reluctantly opening the door, however, she winds the Victoria to play music. Laura attempts to play this music in order to escape from the intense situation—to escape reality. With Amanda escaping from her past, Laura escaping her troubled existence and Tom escaping the house with its responsibilities including the burden of obtaining a better life for Laura, the characters ultimately push each other farther apart as they retreat into their own imaginations. Hence, music aids in conveying not only the idea of escapism but as well in depicting the alienation the characters feel from not only one another, but from society as a whole. Fugard as well employs light in his play, Master Harold and the Boys merely as a symbol for hope. When Hally and Sam discuss ballroom dancing, and whether or not dance is considered a form of art, Hally argues and describes that in his imagination, dancing simply involves people â€Å"having a so-called good time†. Sam offers another description, claiming that it Hally’s imagination â€Å"left out the excitement† and that it is â€Å"not just another dancethere’s going to be a lot of peoplehaving a good timeparty decorations and fancy lights all around the hallthe ladies in beautiful evening dresses!† The lights evidently become symbolic for positivity and hope as the description of such lights aid Sam in defying Hally’s pessimistic outlook on ballroom dancing. Fugard associates â€Å"fancy lights† with the extended metaphor of ballroom dancing in order to present ballroom dancing in a rather positive and hopeful manner. By doing so, F ugard describes the dreamlike quality that the dance and dancers possess. This sort of description demonstrates the dance as a metaphor for social harmony. The symbolic element of light is again presented at the end of the play when the jukebox â€Å"comes to life in the gray twilight†. This gray light is incorporated at the end of the play in order to further emphasize the hope for such potential harmony and peace among Blacks and Whites. As gray is midway between black and white, Fugard deliberately incorporates this light as a means of conveying the hope for Blacks and Whites to come together as one. This very idea is further highlighted through Fugard’s employment of the motif of music and the corresponding theme of escapism. Fugard uses music to not only provide movement to the play, but as well to develop theme of escapism; more specifically, escaping reality as attempted by Sam and Willie. Throughout the play, Sam and Willie practice the â€Å"waltz† and â€Å"foxtrot† for their ballroom dancing. Similar to light, music as well becomes associated with the extended metaphor of ballroom dancing. Thus, the music helps to allude to a dreamlike, collision-free world by which the dancers are capable of enlisting order in a disordered world, and respectively, an ideal society with no collisions between Blacks and Whites. Sam and Willie use music and ballroom dancing to escape their realities; however, Hally interferes with such an escape as he claims â€Å"The truth? I seem to be only one around here who is prepared to face it. Weve had the pretty dream; its time now to wake up and have a good long look at the way things really are. Nobody knows the steps, theres no music, the cripples are also out there tripping up everybody and trying to get into the act, and its all called the All-Comers-How-to-Make-a-[Mess]-of-Life-Championships.† As music becomes a symbol for escaping reality, Hally specifically indicates that there is â€Å"no music† in order to suggest that escaping reality is impossible. Fugard does not, however, allow these words to convey his final message. Rather, he officially ends the play with lyrics of a song sung by Sarah Vaughn called â€Å"Little Man, You’ve had a Busy Day†. This song becomes significant as it suggests that Hally is the little man who was compelled upon adulthood. The little man in the context of the song is in tears because he lost his toys; this seems so simple and foolish to the adult but heartrending to the child. Rather than neglecting his child or disregarding his sadness, the father comforts the child and suggests for him to go to bed. Correspondingly, Sam, who is presented as the ‘father’ o f Hally provides him with unconditional support, and suggests for him to sleep so as to allude to escaping the harsh reality of the apartheid system. Though insulted by Hally’s spitting, he ultimately does not lose hope on Hally waking up and realizing that he can control his life and personal decisions and overlook the system of apartheid. Both Athol Fugard and Tennessee Williams develop the theme of escapism and theme of hope and hopelessness in their plays Master Harold and the Boys and The Glass Menagerie through their incorporation of light and music in the form of stage directions and motifs. Though there is an evident similarity in the manner by which the two playwrights develop these themes, there is also an apparent difference in the final meaning that the two are attempting to convey. That is, Tennessee Williams uses light to convey a sense of hopelessness while Athol Fugard employs this light to leave the audience with a more hopeful attitude towards the future by the end of his play. Williams’ use of light helps justify the characters’ desire to escape their reality and retreat into their fantasy world. Because there is no hope in enhancing their lives, all the characters cope through a complete escape. Fugard offers an antithetical message; rather than the characters’ hopelessness prope lling them to escaping their reality, it is their ability to escape the harsh reality of the apartheid system that provides them with hope. The difference in the two plays is further understood through the macrocosmic vision that the two playwrights allude to. In The Glass Menagerie, Williams portrays a sense of hopelessness and an ultimate desire to escape in his play in order emphasize the way in which individuals viewed the 1940s as an exciting escape from the 1930s. Hence, Amanda, Laura, and Tom become associated with other Americans in the Great Depression who sought relief from their distressing lives by escaping their reality through films, false identities, and fantasies. By making such an association, Williams demonstrates the negative affect of The Great Depression. In Master Harold and the Boys, Athol Fugard ends on a more optimistic note in order to send out an anti-apartheid message—a message that transcends the norms of South Africa at the time. He encourages the fight against the racial segregation as he suggests that society can be a whole and can be harmonious if Blacks and Whites function in unis on with each other. Thus, it becomes evident that the manner by which the two playwrights present their themes in their plays correspond with their macrocosmic visions—with and without hope.

Swot Analysis Of Country Oman Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 31 Words: 9187 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The UAE has achieved stable progress over the past three decades to emerge as a important global player in both the  political and the economic position The tremendously fast rate of economic growth until 2008 was due to the constant demand  for oil, in addition they a move their focus to a number of non-oil sectors. The UAE had maintains a dynamic political ties up with over  60 countries, mainly in Europe and Asia. The UAE is considered to be one of the foremost political forces in the Middle  East and is a member of a number of regional organizations, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the Arab  union and the Organization of the Islamic Conference. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Swot Analysis Of Country Oman Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Under the control of former President Sheikh Zayed, the UAE transformed from a nation of large-scale poverty  to a highly developed and wealthy country. With the death of Zayed in 2004, his son, Sheikh Khalifa, immediately took  over as president. Although the government structure in the UAE is not democratic, both Zayed and Khalifa have  bear the responsibility of retain the countrys development. The government has constantly received appreciation  for its efforts to creating business opportunities in Oman. The countrys tax rule is also considered among  the best in the world for businesses. The UAE market is capable to with a well-built telecommunication network and, as a  result, the countrys IT market is slowly becoming competitive. However, the level of science education remains low. The  country has a strong integrated environmental development program. Its ecological procedures are integrated with the  Environmental Im pact Assessment (EIA) program, which is part of business practice in the UAE. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF OMAN COUNTRY https://www.free-power-point-templates.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/pest-diagram-ppt-template-543450.jpg (Sources: www.google.com) INTRODUCTION PESTEL stands for Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. It is used to describe an analysis that determines the opportunities and risks of global growth. It is also termed as a PEST or PESTLE analysis. Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal issues differ from one country to another. As a company looks to influence the advantages that the democratization of technology, information and finance, and grow beyond the national borders that previously controlled them, it is necessary that they consider a PESTEL analysis to accompany their SWOT analysis. The PESTEL analysis provides a strong outline which is used by global and multinational firm to set the stage to develop specific strategy to ease the risks involved in carry out their vision in new environments. This PEST country analysis report on Oman provides a holistic view of the country, with understanding analysis of current and future issues, supplemented with significant quantitative data to support trend analysis. FEATURES AND BENEFITS Following are benefit that business will gain if they implement pestle analysis in their planning process: Useful to know political environment: It is helpful to understand the political system in Oman through examination of key factors in the country and governance indicators. Useful to know economic situation: It is useful to understand the economic situation in Oman through a balanced evaluation of core macroeconomic matter. Useful to know demographics analysis: To understand the customer demographics in Oman through analysis of income distribution and the rural-urban split, as well as healthcare and education. Use to evaluate technology advancement: It is use to evaluate the technological background in Oman through analysis of related laws and policies, as well as patent data. Useful for controlling changes: By making effective use of PEST Analysis, it makes sure that it has united positively with the forces of change that are affecting the world. Good use of PEST Analysis helps to avoid taking action that is meant to failure for reasons beyond control. Helpful to know about new country or region: PEST is useful when we are start operating in a new country or region. Use of PEST Analysis helps to break free of lifeless assumptions, and helps to quickly adapt the reality of the new environment. HIGHLIGHTS The political landscape section discusses the evolution of the political scenario in Oman, as well as the countrys economic, social, foreign, and defence policies. The section also discusses the countrys performance according to World Bank Governance Indicators. The economic landscape section outlines the evolution of Omans economy, as well as the countrys performance in terms of GDP growth, composition by sector (agriculture, industry, and services), fiscal situation, international investment position, monetary situation, credit disbursement, banking sector, and employment. The social landscape section analyzes the governments social welfare policies, as well as the countrys performance in terms of healthcare, income distribution, and education. REASON TO USE PESTLE SWOT ANALYSIS Following are the main reason for using pestle swot: Useful to formulate goal: Strategic management is an essential aspect of managing modern businesses that involves forming goals and implements the programs that fulfil those goals. Useful to intact environmental scanning: Environmental scanning is a component of strategic management where mangers study various economic, political and social factors that might affect the business. It is helpful to small business also: It can help small businesses to identify intact markets and avoid costly mistakes. Small businesses can better compete by using these critical tools to assess opportunities and challenges. It is useful to manager for conducting an effective business: SWOT analysis and PESTLE analysis are two common strategic management equipment that the help managers brainstorm and organize their ideas during the environmental scanning process. It is broad wider concept: A main reason companies use both SWOT and PESTLE is because these tools offer broad and efficient analyses of key areas of a strategic plan. SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. PESTLE has wider coverage of business and external issues, including political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT IN OMAN https://www.oxberryrisk.com/Images/political_risk_analysis.jpg INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR The stability and structure of a countrys government gives a basis to understand future changes in the regions political environment. Policy at the local or federal level can differ significantly. Political power in Oman is dominated by Sultan Qaboos ibn Said Al Said who is responsible for all major decision-making and government actions. Decision-making authority rests with the Sultan with contribution from his advisors, the appointed Majlis al-Dawla and members of Omans leading merchant families. Succession is a key risk concern. Sultan Qaboos has dedicated himself for promoting the countrys reconstruction, economic diversification as well as continued political stability. A process of limited elected reform has been in progress over the last several years including the introduction of direct elections for members of the counselling assembly in 2000 and universal suffrage in 2003. In recent October 2007 elections, Oman records a strong 68% voter turnout. While Oman is graduall y moving forward on political liberalization efforts, the Councils role remains largely advisory. Following is the political structure of Oman country: POLITICAL STRUCTURE MONARCHY Head of State Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al-Bu S aid Council of Ministers Composed of  the Sultans Advisors State Council (Majlis al-Dawla) 57 Appointed tribal and religious leaders Consultative Council (Majlis al-Shura) 84 member Elected body with advisory functions Major Parties Illegal Last Elections Consultative Council October 2011 THE MONARCHY The Sultan is a direct heir of Said bin Sultan, who had first opened relations with the  United States  in 1833. The Sultanate is neither political parties nor governing body, although the bicameral representative bodies provide the government with advice. The present Sultan has no direct heir, and has not publicly selected a successor. Instead, the ruling family should generally select a new Sultan after his death. If they do not select a new ruler after three days, then they open a letter left to them by the late Sultan, containing a proposal for a new Sultan. Current Sultan of Oman, Majesty Sultan  Qaboos  bin Said Al Bu Said holds an unexpected amount of power. Along with his position as Sultan, he is prime minister, defence minister, finance minister, foreign affairs minister and chair of the central bank. Moreover, Qaboos has only a few family members in his cabinet and the offices they hold are considered quite powerless. His cousin Hay him for example, is minister of national legacy and culture while his uncle, Shabib is special advisor for environmental affairs. This style of control has suggestion as none of his family members have gained the necessary managerial skills to rule Oman after Qaboos death. JUDICIAL SYSTEM The court system in Oman is regulated by Royal Decree 90/99. There are three court levels in Oman; the Elementary Court is the lowest court, followed by the Court of Appeal, and then the Supreme Court as the highest court in the country. In addition to this there is an Administrative Court that looks into cases made against the government. GOVERNMENT ATTITUDE TOWARDS FDI The government keenly support foreign direct investment into the country to increased employment opportunities for Omanis. Omanisation allowance are currently in force for six industries in the private sector, i.e. the transport, storage and communications sector at 60%,finance, insurance and real estate at 45% and industry at 35%. Authorities created the Omani Centre for Investment Promotion and Export Development (OCIPED) in 1997 with the aim of providing foreign investors with a one-stop-shop for licensing and registration procedures. Judicial transformation is in progress and the court system is considered largely fair. Corruption level are low by regional standards and do not act as a significant obstacle to foreign investment. LAND OWNERSHIP In Oman the regulation for land are expected to be less because the minister wants to increases the opportunity for tourism. The Ministry of Housing, Electricity and Water may grant permission to a company or a foreign national the Right to use a certain property for operations that promote the economic development of Oman. INCENTIVES Government incentives to promote local and foreign investment include tax exemptions; the provision of industrial plots in industrial zones for nominal charges; preference in the allocation of government land; interest-free or subsidized loans with longer terms for repayment; reduced charges for water, electricity and fuel; financial assistance for the development of economic and technical possibility studies; and the accelerate arrangement of immigration visas and permits for foreign workers. GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND POLICIES A foreign national desire to engage in a trade or business in Oman or to acquire an interest in the capital of an Omani company must obtain a license from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. In general, the ministry grants a license if the paid-up capital of the Omani company in which the investment is made is at least Rs 150,000 (US$ 390,000) and if the foreign ownership of the company does not exceed 49%. The Social Security Law requires private-sector employers and their Omani employees to pay monthly contributions to an insurance fund for old age, disability and death benefits. Oman does not impose personal income tax. Income tax is levied on people that are wholly owned by Omani nationals, entities with foreign participation, branches of foreign companies and Omani sole proprietorships. All companies incorporated in Oman irrespective of the extent of foreign ownership and branches of companies registered in the other member states of the Gulf Co-operation Council (Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) are taxed at a rate of 12%, for income exceeding RO 30,000. A single tax rate applies to branches of foreign companies, at rates ranging from 0% to 30%. Petroleum companies are subject to tax under specific provisions and rates. Omani sole proprietorships are taxed at a rate of 12%.The Omani Labour Law requires employers to pay end-of-service benefits to expatriate employees. FOREIGN INVESTMENT With the exemption of certain restrictions on the foreign-currency holdings of  commercial banks, Oman does not impose exchange controls. In general, Oman does not restrict the transfer of funds overseas of equity or debt capital, interest, dividends, branch profits, royalties, management and technical service fees, and personal savings. RESTRICTIONS ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT The Foreign Capital Investment Law (Royal Decree No. 102 of 1994) governs foreign investment in Oman. If the foreign body want to invest in Omani companies they must file applications for licenses with the Ministry of  Commerce and Industry. The ministry grants licenses to applicants if   both of the following conditions apply: The paid-up capital of the Omani company in which the investment is made is at least Rs.1, 50, 000(US$390,000). The foreign ownership of the company does not exceed 49%.The Ministry may exempt the following entities from the licensing conditions : Companies conducting business through special contracts or agreements with the government; Companies established by Royal Decree; and Parties conducting a business that the Council of Ministers declares necessary to the country. TAX EXEMPTIONS In Oman tax is exempted from corporate tax and customs duty which may be granted by the Ministry of Finance. From the following activities tax is exempted such as manufacturing, mining, agriculture, fishing, fish farming, fish processing, aquaculture, animal breeding, tourism, the export of manufactured and reprocessed products, operation of colleges, universities, and higher education institutes, private schools, training institutes, private hospitals and public utilities. Exemptions are granted for five year periods effective from the date when production begins or services are first rendered; a five year extension may be granted. .Management agreements and construction contracts do not qualify for tax exemptions. Companies engaged in the activities listed above may also obtain an exemption from the payment of customs duty on exports and on imports of equipment, spare parts and raw materials. IMPORTING The import of goods into Oman requires an import license. The import of  certain classes of goods, including alcohol, firearms and explosives, requires a special import license. Goods entering Oman must have certificates of origin. Oman follows Arab boycott rules, which forbid the import of goods originating from Israel. EXPORTS Oman does not restrict exports. However, the export of items of historical value requires an export license. CUSTOMS DUTIES In Oman most imported goods are subject to pay customs duty at a flat rate of 5% on their cost-insurance freight (CIF) value. Consumer goods, including food substance are exempt from customs duty whereas alcohol and tobacco are subject to pay higher rates of duty. Goods produced within the GCC generally may be imported duty-free. In certain circumstances, Oman may allow the contractors to import duty-free equipment and materials for use the on government, PDO and OLNG projects. Since from 2005 Oman has entered into a Free Trade Agreement with the United States of  America. POWER ON THE TOURISM SECTOR The government promote foreign contribution to develop the country tourism industry. Since the mid-1980s, the government has gradually opened its desert, mountains and coastlines to foreign tourists and the Ministry of Tourism has share part in various international tourism exhibitions to introduce Oman to the world tourist trade. Due to recent changes made in visa a regulation that had increases arrival of a large number of populations which in turn are likely to increase the flow of  tourists in Oman. Due to the development of International Airport which increase the tourist probable of the country. A new Tourism Ministry was set up in 2004 to provide push to this sector. The Ministry of Tourism has free provisional tourist arrivals figures for 2011. These showed a slight decline of 1.8% in arrivals over the year to 1,427,611. In light of this to some extent unsatisfactory figure, BMI has change down its predict for tourist arrivals in 2012, believe that an increase of 10% is now the most likely outcome for the year, down from 15% previously. BMIs predict is in line with the governments outlook for the industry. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT https://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQnKP8I_IH7yqQSamEgMPjoj-OcN1qkxFY8WKYN5xiM_sYx59qBHwTwJjP3 (Sources: www.google.com) INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR Omans economy is based mainly on petroleum and natural gas. With limited energy reserves, Oman has decided to expand its economy away from oil and gas production. The Oman Vision 2020 development plan highlighted the need for the Omani economy to expand its economy through a process of  industrialization and privatization. The main single industrial investment target is the port city of Sohar, near the UAE border. The government has direct with several main privatization programs, including power generation projects, and other power and water generation plan. Oman expects to triple the industrys one percent contribution to GDP and finally create over 1, 14,000 tourism-related jobs. Besides these the government had built a second airstrip and new terminal at Muscat International Airport by 2011. The government is also in the procedure of expanding its privatization efforts to its wastewater and solid waste management operation. In addition to this the Omanis aggressively m arketing itself as a enchanting, environmentally aware tourist goal. The Omani government is developing a port at Duqm, an evenly populated area along the Arabian Sea. This strategy call for the construction of a dry dock facility, oil refinery, petrochemicals complex and fish processing centre to ultimately fight with Dubais Jebel Ali port complex. The Duqm development plan also calls for the construction of an airport to facilitate passenger and cargo shipments and a three-hotel tourism resort complex. MACRO ECONOMIC DATA Following is the macro data of Oman country. YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 GDP Normal GDP 309.5 36,804 4,198 60,299 46,115 56,251 61,840 Real GDP 4.0 5.5 6.8 12.8 2.0 3.6 3.8 Origin of GDP Agriculture -2.9 -4.6 4.6 0.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 Industry 5.6 -1.7 3.6 11.9 0.3 3.8 3.9 Services 6.7 12.2 9.5 1.3 1.2 3.4 3.7 Population income Population 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4 GDP per head 20,396 21,639 22,360 24,629 22,960 23,151 23,440 Fiscal indicators Govt. Indicators 38.0 35.2 36.7 32.9 38.1 36.3 34.0 Govt. Expenditure 35.4 34.9 36.5 32.6 41.9 37.1 35.0 Govt. Balance 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 (3.8) (0.8) (1.0) Net public debt 4.9 3.8 3.1 2.5 5.5 4.5 4.1 Prices financial indicators Consumer prices (average, %) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Lending interest rate (average %) 7. 1 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.4 6.8 6.9 (Sources: GCC construction fact sheet) GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATE AMOUNT GDP ( APPROX) $59.946billion PER  CAPITA GDP (APPROX.) $21,646 REAL GDP GROWTH RATE (APPROX.): 7.8% The government is looking to expand the economy beyond the hydrocarbon sector, which still account for about 75% of export earnings, given the limited sector possible to force and maintain growth beyond 2020. Foreign investment maintain of natural gas projects, along with the government investments will sustain growth. Oil prices natural gas represents a small proportion of GDP and export revenues. To this end, the government is shifting its plan to aim renewable energy as a key developmental goal with hope that it will contribute about 30% of GDP by 2020. PURCHASING POWER G:images omanOman-50Rials-f.jpg (Sources: www.google.com) The inflation rate for the year ended 2010 was about 4%. This was the outcome of declining crude oil prices. The oil and natural gas being the core business of  Omanis it play an important role in determine the per capita income and their purchasing power. However, the situation is changing. There is gradual boom in the per capita income.  The period of rapid growth has come to an end, and in the absence of a sharp recovery in oil prices Oman looks set to grow in the 3-4% range over the coming 5-10 years. The cost of living in Oman is high as most of the goods are imported. MINERAL RESOURCES https://www.omanet.om/arabic/economic/images/9-9.jpg Omans mineral resources include chromite, dolomite, zinc, limestone, gypsum, silicon, copper, gold, cobalt, and iron. Several industries have grown up around them as part of the national development process which, in turn, has boosted the minerals sectors contribution to the nations GDP as well as providing jobs for Omanis. The mineral sectors operations include mining and quarrying, with several projects recently completed, including: an economic feasibility study on silica ore in Wadi Buwa and Abutan in the Wusta Region, which confirmed that there were exploitable reserves of around 28 million tonnes at the two sites; a feasibility study on the production of magnesium metal from dolomite ore; a draft study on processing limestone derivatives; a project to produce geological maps of the Sharqiyah Region; economic feasibility studies on the exploitation of gold and copper ores in the Ghaizeen area; a study on raw materials in the wilayats of Duqm and Sur for use in the Sultanates cement industry; and a study on the construction of a new minerals laboratory at Ghala in the Governorate of Muscat. Metkore Alloys will build a world-class 1,65,000 tonnes per annum capacity ferro chrome smelter project in Oman with an envisaged investment of $80 million. SOURCE OF FUNDS AND THEIR COST Oman commercial banks are the primary source of short, medium, and long-term credit. Because there is no restriction in obtaining credit in Oman they can also obtain credit from commercial banks in the neighbouring Gulf countries. The Oman Development Bank they grant loans to small and medium-size companies, for less than Rs.2,50,000. Investors also obtain financing from the Gulf Investment Corporation located in Kuwait which is established by the GCC, is a major financial institution whose main purpose is to invest in the equity and provide loan funding to the new companies. SECURITIES MARKET The Capital Market Authority in Oman is established in 1998 which regulates the securities market. Muscat Securities Market, which began its operations in 1989, over sees the flow of funds into securities and develops the local financial market. Membership in the exchange is compulsory for Omani licensed banks, specialized loan institutions, authorized financial intermediaries, joint stock companies and Omani public authorities whose shares are registered on the securities market.   Commercial banks, joint stock investment and brokerage companies which is registered in Oman they may establish investment funds called joint investment accounts. The accounts are listed on the Muscat Securities Market and may be up to 49% foreign-owned these funds are exempt from taxation. INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL FACILITIES The Omani government is developing a port at Duqm, which is a less populated area along the Arabian Sea. This plans call for the construction of a dry dock facility, oil refinery, petrochemicals complex and fish processing centre to eventually fight with Dubais Jebel Ali port complex. The plan also calls for the construction of an airport to facilitate passenger and cargo shipments and a three-hotel tourism resort complex. . Oman is focusing on its port infrastructure as well. Two of Omans principal ports, Sohar and Salalah, are aggressively moving forward on expansion of  their respective. To increases the tourism facilities the government will build a second runway and much-needed new terminal at Muscat International Airport in 2011, they also built a new taxiway at Salalah Airport in 2010, and new airports at Sohar, Ras al-Hadd, and Duqm. Oman is focusing on its port infrastructure as well. Two of Omans prime ports, Sohar and Salalah, are aggressively moving forward on ex pansion of  their respective.. Oman is focusing on its port infrastructure as well. SIZE OF MARKET In 2002, Oman attracted some 1.2 million foreign visitors; about 7,00,000 came from the GCC (GULF CO-OPERTION COUNCIL) states. And of those700, 000 tourists, an overwhelming 85 percent of them came from the UAE. For all the talk in Muscat and Salalah about bringing in European tourists, the fact remains that the bulk of the sultanates visitors come from a lot closer to home- and, of those, huge numbers are simply driving across the border for a very short-term stay. Oman has so much more to offer than the other Gulf States in terms of  culture and history. Oman offers an real Arabian experience thats not easily available elsewhere in the region. TRADE: https://www.omanet.om/arabic/economic/images/tra03.jpg (Sources: www.Omannet.Om) The Omanis have been trader since ancient times. Their transport and group carried Omani goods including frankincense, dates and limes across the seas and over the old frankincense and silk routes, encourage cultural interactions with other peoples. Today, Oman is a part of a number of economic communities including the Arab Gulf Co- operation Council (AGCC), the Greater Arab Free Trade Zone, the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IORARC) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The Sultanate has raised its laws on investment activity and has begun One Stop Shop permission facilities along with easy, transparent procedures. There is protected coordination between the bodies and authorities involved in providing services for investors, while current progress towards the establishment of e-government have led to a growing confidence on electronic channels. Commercial laws and regulations are being modernized, including the Law on Trade Marks, Descriptions, Trade Secrets and Protection against Unfair Competition, the regulation of foreign trade representation offices, the Consumer Protection Law and the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property. Beside these measures, the country has also raised its ports and established free trade zones in all Mazyounah and Salalah. Omani goods are exported to the markets to world countries. Government authorities and departments give main concern to Omani products when making purchases and Omani goods are actively promoted in the local market through seminars and exhibitions. Broader promotion campaigns are also held in the regional and world markets, where Omani products have already begun to make their mark because of their high quality specifications. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has established a certificate by the United Kingdoms Human Investment Programme, recognizing it as an investor in human resources. SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT https://www.secs.unibo.it/NR/rdonlyres/3611A3BD-7B6B-4531-8AAF-181E56EBA9CE/177588/Fotolia_895776_Ometti2Cerchi.jpg (Sources: www.google.com) INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR Since Oman is a Muslim country, all the activities are influenced by the Muslim culture. The main characteristic of Omani culture is respect for others and it prevents others from letting their face down. In Oman the foreigners have to make sure that they dont make any unpleasant remarks in the public places. Otherwise they feel insulted and let down in the society. Language: In Oman country Arabic is local language. LIFE STYLE OF THE OMANIS: Following are key factors that determine the living style of the population in Oman. CULTURE: In order to fully understand any country culture, is very important to know because it influence society whole. In Oman Islam culture is followed by every people. Oman is the Muslim country so majority of them follows Ibrahim sect it is very conservative culture. Islam directs every part of a Muslim life, from holidays to the food they eat to how they dress and do business. Kindness, humility and respect for others are key thought which are present in both social and professional field of life. ART: Traditional handicraft such as silver and gold jewelry, goat- and camel-hair carpet, woven baskets, water jugs, weapon and khanjar, a special type of dagger etc are generally practiced in this country. Besides these, drawing, painting, photography etc are also practiced. MUSIC: Music in Oman is a vital part of art. The traditional folk songs are very popular and practiced in the country. Arabic music has left a deep influence in the Oman music. Health: Life expectancy at birth in Oman is approximate to be 74.47 years in 2012. As of 1999, there were an approximate 1.3 physicians and 2.2 hospital beds per 1,000 people. In 1993, 89% of the population had access to health care services. In 2000, 99% of the population had access to health care services. During the last three decades, the Oman health care system has established and account great achievements in health care services and preventive and curative medicine. In 2001, Oman was ranked number 8 by the World Health Organization. HOSPITALITY:   Omanis are well-known for their significant hospitality and kindness in both social and professional outlook. In Oman the guest are welcome with a variety of traditions and ritual way, the most important of which is the serving of coffee, orkahwa. Omani kindness is closely connected to their desire to establish trust and build relationships with people before doing business. Because of theses friendly climate foreigners show their appreciation for their generosity and spend time getting acquainted with their Omani business complement. FACE: Dignity and respect are key elements in Omani culture, preserved mainly by the concept of saving face. The Omanis are very compromise, patience and self-control in nature so that avoid the embarrassing or putting others down so as prevent them from losing face. Because of this nature of Omanis public criticisms are rare. When doing business with Omanis it is important to remember this and avoid doing anything which might offend them or make them look bad in front of others. FAMILY: Omani culture places a high significance on family and ethnic relations. In Oman the family and ethnic group play important a role in shaping a person values and behaviour. Loyalty is very important among people even in a business situation also where it is not rare to have several members of one family working for the same company. COST OF LIVING: Because Oman imports most of its goods, the country cost of living is comparatively high. BUSINESS HOURS: The business week is from Saturday through Thursday morning. In Oman Friday is usually a day of rest, although certain shops may be open for restricted hours. During Ramadan, the holy month of fasting, business hours are restricted. SOCIAL AND BUSINESS CUSTOMS: Oman is a dedicated Muslim country, and its local customs should be respected. In Oman dress is usually very conservative; it should cover the shoulders and the tops of  the arms, and should extend to below the knees. Photographing individuals, particularly women, is often outlook with disapproval; therefore, permission to take photographs should always be required. Due to the misuse or abuse of  alcohol may cause offense; alcohol should not be consumed in public places, unless these places are licensed to serve alcohol. During the holy month of  Ramadan, in Oman Muslims fast from sunrise until sunset. Eating, drinking or smoking in public places during daylight hours is not allowed. All non-Muslims in the presence or sight of a Muslim should avoid these activities during the period of the fast. ATTITUDE: In Omanis people attitudes towards time are much more comfortable than in many Western cultures. In Oman people and relationships are more important than schedules and punctuality. It is not uncommon, therefore, for Omanis to arrive late but foreigners are expected to arrive on time. Meetings should be scheduled in advance and confirmed a few days prior. Meetings are often cancelled or rescheduled however with little notice so always come prepared with a business card or letter to leave to let them know you were there. EDUCATION AMONG THE OMANIS: Although schooling is not compulsory, education is now almost universal. Oman offers primary, secondary and single-sex schools throughout the country, except in remote villages. At the end of 2002, Oman had 1,019government schools with 2, 98,000 male and 2, 80,000 female students and18, 538 teachers; by contrast, in 1970, Oman had three boys schools with 909 students and 30teachers. To improve its educational system, the government accord main concern to educating Omanis to become teachers. In 1986, Sultan Qaboos University was established in 2002, around 12,000 students were enrolled, 50% of whom were female. In 1993, the College of  Commerce and Economics was established and the College of Law and Shari was established in 1997. Oman run technical and industrial colleges, teacher-training colleges, vocational training centres, an Institute of Health Science, an Institute of Banking and Financial Studies and several private colleges for engineering, commerce and business management. The government offers adult education to improve general literacy and to improve the written and spoken Arabic language skills of Omanis. The Sultanate is focusing on education as a means to rapidly change the country from a traditional agrarian society to an active participant to modern global economy. The Sultanate recognises the importance of  women education in the nation-building process. FOOD: https://www.omanet.om/english/culture/images/Fold%20%2015%20%2093.jpg (Sources: www.Omannet.OM) The main daily meal is usually eaten at midday, while the evening meal is lighter. During Ramadan, dinner is served after the Taraweeh prayers, sometimes as late as 11 pm. Maqbous is a rice dish, with yellow rice and saffron served and cooked over spicy red or white meat. Arsia is a festival meal, provide during celebrations, which consists of mashed rice flavored with spices. Another popular festival meal is shuwa, which is meat cooked very slowly (sometimes for up to 2 days) in an underground clay oven. The meat becomes really tender and it is infused with spices and herbs before cooking to give it a very different taste. Fish is often used in main dishes too, and the kingfish is a popular item. Mashuai is a meal consisting of a whole spit-roasted kingfish served with lemon rice. Rukhal bread is a thin, round bread originally baked over a fire made from palm leaves. It is eate n at any meal, normally served with Omani honey for breakfast or crumble over curry for dinner. Chicken, fish and mutton are regularly used in dishes. While spices, herbs, onion, garlic and lime are liberally used in traditional Omani cooking, unlike similar Asian food, it is not hot or spicy. WEARING FOR MEN: [Men Dress] (Sources: www.Omannet.OM) The national dress for Omani men is a simple, ankle-length, collarless gown with long sleeves called the dishdasha. The colour most frequently worn is white, although a variety of other colours such as black, blue, brown and lilac can also be seen. Its main adornment is a tassel (furakha) sewn into the neckline, which can be impregnated with perfume. Underneath the dishdasha, a plain piece of cloth covering the body is worn from the waist down. Omani men may wear a variety of head dresses. The muzzar is a square of finely woven woollen or cotton fabric, wrapped and folded into a turban. Underneath this, the kummar, an intricately embroidered cap, is sometimes worn. The shal, a long strip of cloth acting as a holder for the khanjar (a silver, hand-crafted knife or dagger) may be made from the same material as the muzzar. Alternatively, the holder may be fashioned in the form of a belt made from leather and silver, which is called a sapta. On formal occas ions, the dishdasha may be covered by a black or beige cloak, called a bisht. The embroidery edging the cloak is often in silver or gold thread and it is intricate in detail. Some men carry the assa, a stick, which can have practical uses or is simply used as an accessory during formal events. Omani men, on the whole, wear sandals on their feet. WEARING OF WOMEN:[Women Dress] (Sources: www.Omannet.Om) Omani women have very colourful costumes which vary from region to region. The main components of a womans outfit include of a dress which is worn over trousers (sirwal) and the headdress, called the lihaf. There are numerous traditional styles of Omani costume seen in Muscat. However, there are three main types which show vibrant colours, embroidery and decorations. One style of costume is quite flowing and resembles that worn by the women of the Interior, while another is decorated with distinct silver bands. The embroidery on these dresses can take around two months to comp lete. https://www.savvykenya.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/animated_computer_student_3.gif TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR The level of technological advancement in a country can positively or negatively affect the opportunities available for a business. The rise of mobile technology, wireless internet, access to electricity, internet access and transportation networks all influence the ease of doing business. Technology is very important in todays economy as it play important role in economic development of any country. A region with a strong technological establishment enables companies to influence multiple tools like mobile technology and Enterprise 2.0 methodologies to modernize operations, eliminate bottlenecks and provide their workforce with collaborative knowledge management systems. On the other hand, many countries may not be as technologically advanced from ones country reasons may be such as their citizens demographics falling beyond down the product distribution curve (segmenting technology consumers into innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards), infr astructure challenges hindering electricity or communication lines, or a lack of foreign direct investment from multinational corporations providing capital infusion. In order to learn more about the technological environment of an area and a regions tendency to adopt new technologies, one may look to a circulation model which uses historical consumer purchase data in order to find the rate of product adoption among potential consumers. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MARKET OVERVIEW: The total size of the Oman IT market in 2010 is estimated by BMI at around US$327mn, up from US$308mn in 2009. BMI expects a market compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5% for 2010-2014.Omans economy is relatively well positioned for the post-credit crisis era, but IT spending is not seen as returning to its previous rate of growth over the forecast period. Omans IT market is only about 10% of the size of the Saudi Arabian market, but the Omani government is investing in IT as part of its Digital Oman scheme and strategy to diversify the economy. In addition to in progress demand from the oil and gas sector, this should generate IT spending in verticals such as telecoms, financial services and aviation. Economic reform and trade liberalisation has increased the spending of both public sector organisations and enterprises. Growth in e-commerce will also make spending by enterprise on e-commerce phase and back-office systems. Oil and gas stay a support to the local economy and wi ll generate spending on customized solutions, hardware and software support. Industry Developments in August 2009, Omans Information Technology Authority (ITA) reveal a new e-Oman brand. The governments e-Oman goals include connection Omans digital divide and making e-government service available to all citizens and residents. In 2009, the ITA was preparing to launch an E-Government Services Portal, a gateway to services offered by government departments via the internet. A key driver of Omani e-services development is expected to be the e-Purse initiative, launched in 2009.The e-Purse, which will be fixed in national ID and residence cards, was being implemented by the ITA in association with the Royal Oman Police and Bank Muscat. TELECOMMUNICATIONS MARKET OVERVIEW Telecommunication facilities are important for doing any business activities. The telecoms sector in Oman is comparatively undeveloped for the region and for the GDP per capita. But now this situation has begun to change, with the introduction of some competition in the market, but many likely remains. Both fixed-line and mobile telecoms access levels are low but since the launch of  second mobile operator Nawras, mobile subscriber growth has increased rapidly. Strong growth charge has also been recorded in the broadband market, from low levels, as present Oman Tel prepares for further competition. This report provides an overview of the telecommunications market in Oman, go with by related statistics. Information technology and communications have now become the main elements that move forward and help Oman in its national development process. Internet access in most developing countries like Oman is still low as resist to mobiles distribution, despite the government pla ns and strategies to enhance internet distribution. Internet subscribers comprised about 2.5% of the general population of Oman. In contrast, the number of mobile holders increased substantially since the launch of these services in 1996. Prepaid mobile services and SMS were introduced in 2001 and both are currently popular with subscribers. Such fine appeal influenced many government organizations to go mobile with their services. PUSH SERVICES Muscat Securities Market has developed a paid service that enables investors to receive regular updates on market and stock alerts via SMS (Oman Mobile, 2007b). This service also enables users to get an SMS every 30 minutes on market movers top winners, losers and most active companies (Oman Mobile, 2007c). The Civil Aviation and Meteorology in cooperation with Oman Mobile had introduced a weather forecast service for most towns in Oman that allows users to receive weather reports in their mobiles (Oman Mobile, 2007d). Other public organizations have also started to send messages to citizens informing them about certain activities and events. For example, the Public Authority for Social Insurance has currently begun a public promotion to advertise its services and their apparent benefits to clients. Another example is in Oman demonstrative Board and Ministry of Manpower where they now send notification messages to clients about their transactions and other different issues such as new tenders and job vacancies etc. PULL SERVICES Muscat Municipality developed an m-parking system which enables motorists to pay parking fees via SMS (Muscat Municipality, 2007). Drivers can now SMS details of their vehicle plate number to a short code number 90091 and get a confirmation message with allocated time. Five minutes before the allocated time terminate, the municipality sends a reminding message to motorists asking them either to move their vehicles or renew their parking. The Royal Oman Police (ROP) begins a mobile service allowing drivers to inquire and receive information about their traffic offences. Motorists are required to send a message of their ID and vehicle details to 3004 and will receive information on the number of traffic offences and amount payable. This helpful the parents of their sons and daughters driving activities and business owners can keep monitoring of their companys drivers violations on time which can help in reducing the traffic offences. The Ministry of Education now se nds the final general certificate results to students via SMS. Alternatively, students can inquire about their results by messaging their seats numbers to 92020 and receive their final marks (Oman Mobile, 2007a). In addition, the Higher Education Admission Center now informs students of their admission status in different institutions via SMS allowing them to accept or reject the offer by messaging back their choice. ENVIORNMENTAL ANALYSIS https://www.7techies.com/finaljpg/Enviornment.jpg INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR The Sultanate of Oman resides in the eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, enlarge more than 1700 km from the Strait of Hormuz in the north to the frontiers of Yemen in the south. The Musandam peninsula, the most northern point of Oman is separated from the rest of the country by Fujaira, which is one of the United Arab Emirates. Oman lies between latitudes  16 °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  and  28 ° N, and longitudes  52 °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  and  60 ° E. It occupy total area of about 309,500 sq. km, of which mountains, deserts and coastal plains represent 16%, 81% and 3%, respectively. A vast stony desert plain covers most of central Oman, with mountain ranges along the north (Al Hajar Mountains) and southeast coast, where the countrys main cities are also located: the capital city  Muscat,  Sohar  and  Sur  in the north, and  Salalah  in the south. Omans climate is hot and dry in the core and humid along the coast. During p ast period Oman was covered by ocean, view by the large numbers of fossilized shells existing in areas of the desert away from the modern coastline. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oman-Oasis.jpg/220px-Oman-Oasis.jpg (Deserts of Oman, sources: Wikipedia) The peninsula of  Macadam which has a planned location on the  Strait of Hormuz, is separated from the rest of Oman by the  United Arab Emirates.  The series of small towns known collectively as  Dibba  are the gateway to the Macadam peninsula on land and the fishing villages of Macadam by sea, with boats available for hire at Kasha for trips into the Macadam peninsula by sea. Madhas boundary was settled in 1969, with the north-east corner of Madha Within the Madha exclave is a UAE  cooperative  called  Nahwa, belonging to the Emirate of Sharjah, situated about 8  km (5  mi) along a dirt track west of the town of New Ma dha, consisting of about forty houses with a clinic and Following table shows the geography details about the Oman: Geography of Oman Coastline 2,092  km Bordering countries Saudi Arabia, UAE and Yemen CLIMATE Oman has a hot climate and very little rainfall. Annual rainfall in Muscat averages 100  mm (3.9  in), falling mostly in January.  Dhoar  is subject to the southwest  monsoon, and rainfall up to 640  mm (25.2  in) has been recorded in the rainy season from late June to October while the mountain areas receive more plentiful rainfall, some parts of the coast, particularly near the island of  Masirah, sometimes receive no rain at all within the course of a year. The climate generally is very hot, with temperatures reaching around  50  °C  (122.0  Ã‚ °F)  (peak) in the hot season, from May to September. Following are climate record from the month of January to December: month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year average high  °f ( °c) 81 (27) 79 (26) 84 (29) 93 (34) 102 (39) 104 (40) 100 (38) 97 (36) 97 (36) 95 (35) 86 (30) 81 (27) 91.5 (33.1) average low  °f ( °c) 63 (17) 63 (17) 70 (21) 75 (24) 84 (29) 88 (31) 86 (30) 82 (28) 81 (27) 75 (24) 70 (21) 64 (18) 75.1 (23.9) precipitation  inches (mm) 0.5 (12.7) 1 (25.4) 0.598 (15.2) 0.701 (17.8) 0.299 (7.6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0.299 (7.6) 0.5 (12.7) 3.9 (99) (Sources: Wikipedia) FLORA AND FAUNA https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Nakhalfarms.jpg/220px-Nakhalfarms.jpg (Sources: Wikipedia. Palm trees sultanate region) Desert plant  and desert grass, common to southern Arabia, are found, but vegetation is sparse in the interior plateau, which is largely  stony  desert. The greater monsoon rainfall in Dhofar and the mountains makes the growth there more lavish during summer;  coconut palms  grow plentifully in the coastal plains of Dhofar  is produced in the hills. AGRICULTURE LAND IN OMAN https://www.omanet.om/arabic/economic/images/ag01.jpg The results of complete soil surveys carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture show the presence of more than 2.3 million hectares of land in the Sultanate. However, the size of the cultivated area is in fact 73,670 hectares (MoA, 2009*). Over half the agricultural area is located in the Batinah Plain in the north, which represents about 3 % of the area of the country. Seasonal fruit crops occupy the first rank of the total cultivated area in Oman with 37,082 hectares of which 31365 hectares are with date palm. The other cropped area under intercropping includes 28,017 hectares of which 10,735 hectares are with field crops under crop rotation and series, which would raise cropping strength to the extent of 120%. It is clear that there is an increase in agricultural production in 2009 as compared to previous years and the date palm occupies first in both area (31,365 ha) and production (255,871 tons). Date palm represents 85% of the total area planted with fruits followed by banana, mango, Omani lime, and Omani coconuts. Al-Batinah region leads first in the cultivation of vegetables that cover highest of 79% of the area as compared to other regions. Besides, there are also other plant genetic resources such as indigenous grasses, medicinal plants, pastures, trees and shrubs, and forest resources. Farming systems include production of crops viz. dates and fruits, vegetables, fodder and field crops, as well as livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry. Farm holdings vary from less than 0.4 ha to more than 84 ha. Those less than 1.26 ha are about 11% of total farm holdings; those range between 1.26 to 2.60 ha are 65%, while those greater than 12.6 ha are about 23.8%. IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN OMAN: Water plays a significant role in the development of Agriculture in Oman, which is largely dependent on groundwater. There are numbers of afalaj (falaj-singular), springs (oasis) and wells that provide the source of water for agriculture since ancient times. Recently, treated waste-water was also form non-conventional sources of water. Sultanate of Oman is known for its unique irrigation systems of springs known as aflaj (falajsingular), which are one of the most important and oldest irrigation techniques established by the ancient Omanis thousands of years ago which is a vital part of the tradition of Oman. There are so far 3,017 live aflaj out of total 4,112 which contribute 404 million cubic meters of water to agriculture. Most of the oasis are used for irrigation through aflaj. The aflaj located near to the stream wadis are often affected by water erosion. Wells and springs play an important role in the life of the Omani society and are used to provide water to the populatio n and farms for agriculture. There are 127,000 wells providing 720 million cubic meters of water needs of agriculture in the Sultanate. The government has established mega-projects for the maintenance and renovation and repair of wells and springs to reduce loss of water and increase the efficiency of irrigation for agricultural purposes. There are laws and regulations by the government to prevent indiscriminate drilling of water wells. In the Sultanate of Oman, the Government is doing efforts to provide water to its citizens by desalination of seawater as an additional source of water for drinking and household uses. The government has so far established many desalination plants since first desalination plant that began operating in 1976 with the estimated capacity of about one million cubic meters per year. The total production of all available desalination stations is about 418,000 cubic meters per day, equivalent to 152 million cubic meters per year. The treated wastewa ter (TWW) has an importance in Oman for use to irrigate plants of garden and road side landscapes as an alternative source of water as well as to recharge the aquifers. There are 51 sewage plants established by the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water Resources in different regions. It is expected that the total quantity of treated wastewater would reach up to 270,000 cubic meters per day, which is equivalent to 100 million cubic meters per year, by 2012. At present, the production of treated water is nearly 60,000 gallons per day for use to irrigate parks and green landscapes, which is expected to increase sharply in 2010 after the completion of a sanitation project for the city of Muscat. ANIMAL RESOURCES The diversified livestock in Oman that include cows, sheep, goats and camels, is on the rise annually with goats representing the highest (1557148 to 1685420), followed by sheep and cows while camels were least (301558 to 326240) According to Agriculture Census-2004/2005 of the Ministry of Agriculture, there were 24,730,000 poultry birds which included commercial layers and broilers and domestic birds, spread over different regions of the country. In respect of local production of poultry meat, table eggs and fresh milk, it is evident that fresh milk production has rising trend from 2007(47.63 thousand tons) to 2009 (49.57 thousand tons) whereas poultry meat production had decreasing trend (26.5 thousand tons to 21.0 thousand tons), which could be at the expense of table eggs, whose production was found increased (179 million to 187 million) Local production of fresh milk (1000 tons), poultry meat (1000 tons) and table eggs (million) in the Sultanate Product 2007 2008 2009 Fresh milk 47.63 48.60 49.57 Poultry meat 26.50 20.90 21.00 Eggs 179 185 187 (Source: MoA. 2009. Annual Agriculture Statistics. Directorate General of Planning and Investment Promotions. Department of Statistics and Information. Ministry of Agriculture, Oman. 74 p.) FISHERIES: https://www.omanet.om/arabic/economic/images/fi01.jpg With a coastline over 1,700 kilometres long, Oman is one of the main fish-producing countries in the region and the fisheries sector is among its most gifted sectors. Fishing is one of the countrys oldest occupations. Fish farming is now a rising industry and a fish farming centre is currently being set up, while the quality of the catches is being enhanced, following the creation of the Fisheries Quality Control Centre. Marketing process has been modernized across the country and exports are now better regulated, particularly with regard to certain types of rare, high value fish. Fisheries training centres have been established in al Khabourah and Salalah, data and statistics on the fishing industry have been raise and new fishing dock have been built and equipped with modern facilities; today there are fishing port along the Omani coast. The Seventh Five-year Development Plan (2011-2015) is dedicated to developing and maint aining the Sultanates marine resources, ensuring that the fishing grounds and coastal areas are properly managed, regulated and monitored. The Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IORARC)s Fisheries Support Unit is based in Oman. The unit promotes cooperation between member states in the management of this essential and renewable resource. LEGAL ENVIRONMENT https://img.ehowcdn.com/article-new/ehow/images/a08/br/sm/write-subsection-legal-symbols-800800.jpg (Sources: www.google.com) INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR One should always consult a legal representative when doing business in order to make certain that all laws and regulations are followed. Legal environments change between the district, city, state/province and national levels. complexity within certain industries can have a strong influence on the ease of doing business, complicating administrative, financial, and regulatory processes, among others. Oman basic Law (Royal Decree No. 101 of 1996) states that the Islamic code the Sharia is the basis for Omani legislation. The Sultan issues laws consistent with the Basic Law through Royal Decrees. Judicial power lies with the courts, which are independent of the executive authority. The Commercial Court has jurisdiction over commercial disputes. In enforcing agreements between partners and reaching decisions based on the Sharia, the court applies Omani laws established by Royal Decrees. The Judicial Authority Law organizes the following different courts in Oman: The Supreme Court, The Appellate Courts, the Preliminary courts (Court of First Instance), The Courts of Summary Jurisdiction Other components of the legal system includes the Administrative Judicature Court, the Supreme Judicial Council and the Public Prosecution Authority. THE CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL In November 1991, Sultan Qaboos replaced the 10-year-old State Consultative Council with the  Consultative Assembly  (Majlis al-Shura) to systematize and widen public participation in government. The Assembly has 84 elected members and exercise some legislative powers. Representatives were chosen in the following manner: in local group they in each of the 59 districts sent the names of three nominees, whose recommendation were review by a cabinet committee. These names were then forwarded to the Sultan, who made the final selection. The Consultative Assembly serves as a channel of information between the people and the government ministries. It is authorize to review drafts of economic and social legislation prepared by service ministries, such as communications and housing, and to provide recommendations. Service ministers also may be call before the  Majlis  to take action to the legislative body questions. They had no authority in the areas of foreign affairs, defence, security, and finances. The  Council of State  (Majlis al-Dawla) has 83 appointed members including 14 women. LABOUR  LEGISLATION The inclusive Omani Labour Law issued in 2003 applies to Omani and foreign employers and employees. The law governs work contracts, wages, overtime pay, leave, work hours, industrial safety, labour disputes, vocational training, and the employment of Omani and foreign nationals. LABOR UNIONS Oman Law was amended during February 2010 to allow the formation of labor unions. There are now approximately 70 Labor Unions within the Sultanate. The law allows peaceful protests. Collective bargaining is not permitted, however there exist labor-management committees in firms with more than 50 workers. These committees are not authorized to discuss conditions of employment, including hours and wages. The Labor Welfare Board provides a venue for grievances. INFLATION As oil prices have risen to a record high, so has inflation. The government depends mostly on oil revenue, more than on tax returns from companies and other government-owned companies. The government is also Omans largest employer, so the high interest that government gets increases the prices of food and construction equipment. The government did support the fuel prices so it doesnt increase the inflation and to make the price suitable for people on low wages. The minimum wage has been changed from 120 Rials a month to 140 Rials because of high records of inflation driven by high prices of oil. In February 2011, the minimum wage was increased from 140 Rials per month to 200 Rials per month WORKWEEK The usual working week is 45 hours and generally runs from Saturday through midday on Thursday. WAGES The government lay down a minimum monthly wage of Rs.100 for unskilled Omani employees and a minimum monthly wage of Rs.150 for Secondary school pass outs. In addition, employers must pay their employees a monthly accommodation allowance of Rs.10 and a monthly transportation allowance of Rs.10. PAYROLL TAXES AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS The Social Security Law (Royal Decree No. 72 of 1991) introduced a system of  social security to insure employees against old age, disability, death, and occupational injuries and diseases. The law currently applies only to Omanis working in the private sector. Under